Thomas Mann, 1875-1955

The nation, too, is not only a social but also a metaphysical being; the nation, not ‘the human race’ as the sum of the individuals, is the bearer of the general, of the human quality; and the value of the intellectual-artistic-religious product that one calls national culture, that cannot be grasped by scientific methods, that develops out of the organic depth of national life—the value, dignity and charm of all national culture, therefore, definitely lies in what distinguishes it from all other, for only this distinctive element is culture, in contrast to what all nations have in common, which is only civilization. Here we have the difference between individual and personal, civilization and culture, social and metaphysical life. The individualistic mass is democratic, the nation aristocratic.